Application of this information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner the clinical treatments described and recommended may not be considered absolute and universal recommendations. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. RT84.5 610.73’01-dc23 2013030734 Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. Includes bibliographical references and index. An introduction to theory and reasoning in nursing / Betty M. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in China Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Johnson, Betty M., author. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia PA 19103, via email at or via website at lww.com (products and services). government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Copyright © 2010, 2005, 2001 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Webber, PhD, APRN, BC, FNP Professor Division of Nursing Shenandoah University Winchester, VirginiaĪcquisitions Editor: Christina Burns Product Development Editor: Maria McAvey Editorial Assistant: Dan Reilly Production Project Manager: Cynthia Rudy Design Coordinator: Joan Wendt Creative Services Director: Doug Smock Manufacturing Coordinator: Karin Duffield Prepress Vendor: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Fourth Edition Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Johnson, PhD Professor Emeritus and Former Chair Department of Nursing The University of Virginia’s College at Wise Wise, Virginia The worldsheet arguments for the absence of all massive string modes in the physical spectrum and the vanishing of all string-loop amplitudes in the Polyakov (1981) approach, are given on the basis of the general consistency of the theory.Theory and Reasoning in Nursing Fourth Editionīetty M. The considerations support Siegel's (1992) ideas about the presence of SO(2,2) Lorentz symmetry as well as at least two self-dual spacetime supersymmetries in the theory of N=2(4) fermionic strings, though the authors do not have a compelling reason to argue for the necessity of maximal spacetime supersymmetry. The equivalent local quantum supersymmetric field theory appears to be the most transparent way to represent the spacetime symmetries of the extended fermionic strings and their interactions. The issues of spacetime Lorentz covariance and supersymmetry for the BRST quantized N=2 strings living in uncompactified 2+2 dimensions are discussed. The N=2 fermionic string theory is revisited in the light of its recently proposed equivalence to the non-compact N=4 fermionic string model.